Equality and Education: Federal Civil Rights Enforcement in the New York City School System
In 1974, the Office for Civil Rights of the United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare announced that it would initiate a massive, new, computer-based investigative approach to probe patterns of civil rights compliance in large urban school systems. The prototype for this ambitious pr...
| Main Author: | MICHAEL A. REBELL, ARTHUR R. BLOCK |
|---|---|
| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | Bahasa Inggris |
| Published: |
Princeton University Press
2014
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: |
http://oaipmh-jogjalib.umy.ac.idkatalog.php?opo=lihatDetilKatalog&id=52407 |
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oai:lib.umy.ac.id:52407 |
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oai_dc |
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oai:lib.umy.ac.id:524072021-06-16T13:06:19ZEquality and Education: Federal Civil Rights Enforcement in the New York City School SystemMICHAEL A. REBELL, ARTHUR R. BLOCKAmerican Egalitarian Ideology, The Egalitarian Ideological, The Comparative Institutional PerspectiveIn 1974, the Office for Civil Rights of the United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare announced that it would initiate a massive, new, computer-based investigative approach to probe patterns of civil rights compliance in large urban school systems. The prototype for this ambitious project was the "New York City Review," which was to become "the largest civil rights investigation of a public education institution ever undertaken."1 This new investigative technique was expected to open up entirely new possibilities for civil rights enforcement. To some extent it did. But, at the same time, it also revealed fundamental limitations in OCR's institutional functioning and significant ambiguities in the egalitarian statutes the agency was attempting to enforce. The legal underpinning of the reviews is contained in Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. In seemingly simple language, Title VI prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, or national origin in any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance. At the time this law was passed, Congress's focus was on the elimination of the de jure dual school systems in the South that had been declared unconstitutional ten years earlier by the Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education.2 Defining discrimination in this context was a relatively straightforward task. By 1972, however, after the most blatant violations of Brown's mandate had been eliminated and the civil rights focus had moved on to more subtle discrimination problems in both the South and the North, identifying discrimination became more difficult. Neither the language of Title VI nor its legislative history provided clear standards for this new phase of civil rights enforcement.Princeton University Press2014eBookebook 258Bahasa Inggrishttp://oaipmh-jogjalib.umy.ac.idkatalog.php?opo=lihatDetilKatalog&id=52407 |
| institution |
Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta |
| collection |
Perpustakaan Yogyakarta |
| language |
Bahasa Inggris |
| topic |
American Egalitarian Ideology, The Egalitarian Ideological, The Comparative Institutional Perspective |
| spellingShingle |
American Egalitarian Ideology, The Egalitarian Ideological, The Comparative Institutional Perspective MICHAEL A. REBELL, ARTHUR R. BLOCK Equality and Education: Federal Civil Rights Enforcement in the New York City School System |
| description |
In 1974, the Office for Civil Rights of the United States Department
of Health, Education and Welfare announced that
it would initiate a massive, new, computer-based investigative
approach to probe patterns of civil rights compliance in large
urban school systems. The prototype for this ambitious project
was the "New York City Review," which was to become "the
largest civil rights investigation of a public education institution
ever undertaken."1 This new investigative technique
was expected to open up entirely new possibilities for civil
rights enforcement. To some extent it did. But, at the same
time, it also revealed fundamental limitations in OCR's institutional
functioning and significant ambiguities in the egalitarian
statutes the agency was attempting to enforce.
The legal underpinning of the reviews is contained in Title
VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. In seemingly simple language,
Title VI prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color,
or national origin in any program or activity receiving federal
financial assistance. At the time this law was passed, Congress's
focus was on the elimination of the de jure dual school
systems in the South that had been declared unconstitutional
ten years earlier by the Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of
Education.2 Defining discrimination in this context was a relatively
straightforward task. By 1972, however, after the most
blatant violations of Brown's mandate had been eliminated
and the civil rights focus had moved on to more subtle discrimination
problems in both the South and the North, identifying
discrimination became more difficult. Neither the language
of Title VI nor its legislative history provided clear
standards for this new phase of civil rights enforcement. |
| format |
eBook |
| author |
MICHAEL A. REBELL, ARTHUR R. BLOCK |
| author_sort |
MICHAEL A. REBELL, ARTHUR R. BLOCK |
| title |
Equality and Education: Federal Civil Rights Enforcement in the New York City School System |
| title_short |
Equality and Education: Federal Civil Rights Enforcement in the New York City School System |
| title_full |
Equality and Education: Federal Civil Rights Enforcement in the New York City School System |
| title_fullStr |
Equality and Education: Federal Civil Rights Enforcement in the New York City School System |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Equality and Education: Federal Civil Rights Enforcement in the New York City School System |
| title_sort |
equality and education: federal civil rights enforcement in the new york city school system |
| publisher |
Princeton University Press |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
http://oaipmh-jogjalib.umy.ac.idkatalog.php?opo=lihatDetilKatalog&id=52407 |
| isbn |
ebook 258 |
| _version_ |
1702748738973335552 |
| score |
14.79448 |