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ABSTRACT
Background: The increased activity of domestic and international flights at the
Adisucipto airport can make noise threshold value (NTV) of the area in Tegaltirto
village, Sleman, Yogyakarta I. D. increases. Measurements were carried out in the
village tegaltirto showed results that were above the safe bastes NTV which has
been determined by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. Increased
NTV rated capable of causing health disorders and neuroendocrine physiological
changes. Aircraft noise as a psychological stressor is capable of inducing an
integrated stress response in the body of people around the airport. Epinephrine is
a hormone that plays a role in the integrated mental stress response and capable of
causing activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Epinephrine will increase
the strength and speed of contraction of the heart and lead to generalized
vasoconstriction thereby affecting the cardiovascular response of the people living
around airports.
Methods: This study using analytic observational design with cross sectional
approach (cross-sectional). This study divided the research subject into two group,
the group that was not exposed to airplane noise (low intensity noise) with groups
exposed to noise due to the activity of the airplane in airport Adisucipto (high
intensity noise). The number of each group is 30 subject and fullfill the inclusion
and exclusion criteria. There are two variables in this study, namely: blood
pressure response and noisy. Blood pressure response is the reactivity value
measured by calculating the difference between the pre-test and post-test of the
mental stress test. Blood pressure was measured with a non-invasive method using
digital sphygnomanometer. The data obtained then processed statistically using
the program SPSS version 15.0 for Windows evaluation only. Data hypotheses
were tested using the Mann-Whitney method when the data is considered were not
normal distributed according the Kolmogorov-Smirnov method, and using
independent-t test when data were normally distributed.
Result: Mann-Whitney test results on the value of systolic reactivity (delta)
indicates the value of high noise intensity group (22.68 ± 9,35 mmHg) was
significantly higher (p <0.05). Pre-test diastolic blood pressure high noise
intensity group (82,77 ± 13,91 mmHg) were not significantly (p>0,05) had higher
scores than the low noise intensity group (80,34 ± 11,38 mmHg). Post-test
diastolic pressure value high noise intensity group (94,67 ± 15,3 mmHg) after
mental stress test were significantly (p <0.05) higher than the low noise intensity
group (88,8 ± 8,4 mmHg). Mann-Whitney test results on the value of diastolic
reactivity (delta) indicates the value of the high noise intensity group (11.9 ± 5,86
mmHg) was significantly higher (p <0.05). Another aspect of cardiovascular
responses were found to undergo significant change (p <0.05) against the mental
stress test is the value of reactivity (delta) mean arterial pressure and pulse rate.
Conclusion: There were significant differences (p <0.05) in the value of the blood
pressure response (delta) cardiovascular research samples noisy aspects of systolic
pressure, diastolic, mean arterial pressure, and pulse rate.
Keywords: noise, blood pressure, cardiovascular reactivity, mental stress test
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INTISARI
Latar Belakang: Meningkatnya aktivitas penerbangan domestik dan internasional
pada Bandar udara Adisucipto dapat membuat nilai ambang bising(NAB) daerah
di Kelurahan Tegaltirto, Sleman, D. I. Yogyakarta meningkat. Pengukuran bising
yang dilakukan di kelurahan tegaltirto menunjukan hasil yang berada diatas bastes
aman NAB yang telah ditetapkan oleh Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Peningkatan NAB dinilai mampu menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan dan
perubahan fisiologis neuroendokrin. Bising pesawat sebagai stressor psikis
mampu menginduksi respon stress terpadu pada tubuh masyarakat sekitar
bandara. Epinefrin merupakan salah satu hormone yang berperan dalam respon
stress terpadu dan mampu menimbulkan aktivasi system syaraf simpatis.
Epinefrin akan meningkatan kekuatan dan kecepatan kontraksi jantung serta
mengakibatkan vasokontriksi generalisata sehingga mempengaruhi respon
kardiovaskular masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitar Bandar udara.
Metode: Observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional (potong lintang).
Penelitian ini membagi subjek perempuan penelitian menjadi dua kelompok yaitu
kelompok yang tidak terpajan bising mesin pesawat (bising intensitas rendah)
dengan kelompok yang terpajan bising mesin pesawat akibat aktivitas bandar
udara Adisucipto (bising intensitas tinggi). Tiap kelompok terdiri dari 30 subjek
penelitian yang telah disesuaikan dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Terdapat
dua variabel pada penelitian ini, yaitu: Respon tekanan darah dan bising. Respon
tekanan darah adalah Nilai reaktivitas yang diukur dengan menghitung selisih
nilai post-test dan pre-test terhadap mental stress test. Tekanan darah diukur
dengan metode non-invasive menggunakan sphygnomanometer digital. Data yang
didapatkan kemudian diolah secara statistik menggunakan program SPSS ver 15.0
for windows evaluation only. Data diuji hipotesis menggunakan metode Mann-
Whitney bila distribusi data dianggap tidak normal menggunakan metode
Kolmogorov-Smirnov, dan menggunakan metode independent-t test bila distribusi
data normal. Hipotesis dianggap signifikan bila menghasilkan nilai p<0,05.
Hasil: Hasil uji mann-whitney pada nilai reaktivitas sistolik (delta) menunjukkan
nilai kelompok bising intensitas tinggi (22.68 ±9.35 mmHg) lebih tinggi secara
bermakna (p<0,05). Tekanan diastolik pre-test kelompok bising intensitas tinggi
(82,77 ± 13,91 mmHg) tidak memiliki perbedaan nilai yang bermakna (p>0,05)
dibandingkan dengan kelompok bising intensitas rendah (80,34 ± 11,38 mmHg).
Pada nilai tekanan diastolik post-test kelompok bising intensitas tinggi (94,67 ±
15,3 mmHg) setelah melakukan mental stress test lebih tinggi dibandingkan
kelompok bising intensitas rendah (88,8 ± 8,4 mmHg) secara bermakna (p<0,05).
Hasil uji mann-whitney pada nilai reaktivitas sistolik (delta) menunjukkan nilai
kelompok bising intensitas tinggi (11.9 ± 5,86 mmHg) lebih tinggi secara
bermakna (p<0,05). Aspek respon kardiovaskuler lain yang ditemukan mengalami
perubahan yang bermakna(p<0,05) terhadap mental stress test adalah nilai
reaktivitas(delta) mean arterial pressure dan frekuensi nadi.
Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p<0,05) pada nilai respon
tekanan darah(delta) kardiovaskular sampel penelitian bising dari aspek tekanan
sistolik, diastolik, mean arterial pressure, dan frekuensi nadi.
Kata kunci: Bising, tekanan darah, reaktivitas kardiovaskuler, Mental Stress Test
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