Confounding and effect modification: possible explanation for variation in the results on the association between oral and systemic diseases
Objectives: There is large variation in the results of studies on the association between periodontitis and systemic diseases. The variation might be explained by the fact that the association between periodontitis and systemic diseases is confounded, or the association might be modified by extra...
| Main Author: | P. V. Ylo¨ stalo |
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| Format: | Koleksi Audio Visual |
| Language: | Bahasa Inggris |
| Published: |
Blackwell Synergy
2006
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: |
http://oaipmh-jogjalib.umy.ac.idkatalog.php?opo=lihatDetilKatalog&id=94060 |
| Summary: |
Objectives: There is large variation in the results of studies on the association
between periodontitis and systemic diseases. The variation might be explained by the
fact that the association between periodontitis and systemic diseases is confounded, or
the association might be modified by extraneous factors. In this article, we show, using
simple examples, how confounding and effect modification may cause variation in
results. In addition, these examples show that uncontrolled or partially controlled
confounders can induce spurious associations.
Conclusion: Confounding and effect modification may explain the variation in the
results of studies on the association between periodontitis and systemic diseases. |
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